吐く息のニコチン ベビーに 忍び込む 川柳（７）へ戻る
| 屋外のみで喫煙する親の子供でも、ニコチンを吸い込まされている。 |
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２００１年４月から２００３年１月までの期間、少なくとも両親の１人が喫煙者である３６６人の子供たちと両親が非喫煙者の子供たち４３３人の尿を分析しました。子供たちの年齢は２歳半から３歳。 屋外で扉を閉めて喫煙する両親の子供たちの尿から、対照群である非喫煙者の子供たちと比べ、２倍のコチニン（ニコチンが体内で代謝されて生じる物質）が検出された。ニコチンがタバコ煙以外に含まれることはほとんどないため、コチニン濃度はタバコ煙とタバコに含まれる有毒物質への曝露を反映する。「喫煙者からの呼気が（受動喫煙の）原因であると推測することが可能ですが、明らかではありません」とLinkoping University's Faculty of Health Sciences(（スエーデン）の研究者の１人であるAnnaKarin Johanssonさんは語りました。 両親が屋外あるいは窓の側で喫煙する場合は子供たちのタバコ煙曝露は２．４倍高くなり、両親が台所の換気扇の近くあるいは屋外で喫煙する場合には３倍以上高くなりました。両親が日常的に屋内で喫煙する家庭では対照群（非喫煙者の子供）と比べ１５倍高かった。 |
| How Should Parents Protect Their Children From Environmental Tobacco-Smoke Exposure in the Home? Background. Children’s exposure to tobacco smoke is known to have adverse health effects, and most parents try to protect their children. Objective. To examine the effectiveness of parents’ precautions for limiting their children’s tobacco-smoke exposure and to identify variables associated to parents’ smoking behavior. Design and participants. Children, 2.5 to 3 years old, participating in All Babies in Southeast Sweden, a prospective study on environmental factors affecting development of immune-mediated diseases. Smoking parents of 366 children answered a questionnaire on their smoking behavior. Cotinine analyses were made on urine specimen from these children and 433 age-matched controls from nonsmoking homes. Results. Smoking behavior had a significant impact on cotinine levels. Exclusively outdoor smoking with the door closed gave lower urine cotinine levels of children than when mixing smoking near the kitchen fan and near an open door or indoors but higher levels than controls. Variables of importance for smoking behavior were not living in a nuclear family (odds ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–4.1) and high cigarette consumption (odds ratio: 1.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-2.1). An exposure score with controls as the reference group (1.0) gave an exposure score for outdoor smoking with the door closed of 2.0, for standing near an open door + outdoors of 2.4, for standing near the kitchen fan + outdoors of 3.2, for mixing near an open door, kitchen fan, and outdoors of 10.3, and for indoor smoking of 15.2. Conclusion. Smoking outdoors with the door closed was not a total but the most effective way to protect children from environmental tobacco-smoke exposure. Other modes of action had a minor effect. PEDIATRICS Vol. 113 No. 4 April 2004, pp. e291-e295 |