吸わずとも 糖尿予備軍に させられる

糖代謝 タバコの煙が 変にする

ノンスモも 他人のケムリで IGT        川柳(8)に戻る

Active and passive smoking and development of glucose intolerance among young adults in a prospective cohort: CARDIA study
Thomas K Houston, Sharina D Person, Mark J Pletcher, Kiang Liu, Carlos Iribarren, Catarina I Kiefe

BMJ. 2006;332:1064-1069

1985年から15年の計画でスタートしたコホート研究(Coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA)の報告。能動喫煙による対糖能低下については1997年ごろから多くの研究が発表されているが、受動喫煙による耐糖能低下の発症リスクが明快に示されたのは初めて。
 米国の7つの都市の18歳から30歳の男女4500人のうち、観察期間の当初に対糖能低下を有しなかった1386人のsmoker, 621人の過去喫煙者、1452人の非喫煙者であるが受動喫煙を受けている者 (受動喫煙の判定は血中コチニン濃度が1-15 ng/mlであることによる), 1113人の非喫煙者で受動喫煙のない者の 15年間の追跡研究を行った。
 対糖能低下は、glucose intolerance (glucose >/=100 mg/dl か、糖尿病薬の服用により判定した。この研究は観察研究であり、厳密な対照群を設定していないが、年齢や体重など耐糖能低下に関係する因子についてはできる限り考慮した。
 15年間に対糖能低下を経験したのは 16.7% で、喫煙者では21.8%、 非喫煙者であるが受動喫煙を受けている者17.2%、過去喫煙者14.4%、非喫煙者で受動喫煙のない者11.5%であった。
 こうしたことから、ヤングアダルトでは能動喫煙はもちろんのこと、受動喫煙でも対糖能異常につながる危険性が高まる可能性があると結論している。喫煙者の直接吸う煙よりも、受動喫煙に含まれる有毒物質は異なる温度および化学的条件下で生成されるため、インスリンを産生する膵臓に障害を与える有害物質の濃度が高いことも考えられる。反喫煙団体ASH(Action on Smokinga nd Health)のJohn Banzhaf氏は、たばこの煙が糖尿病の危険因子であるとすれば、肥満増加の傾向も考え合わせると、極めて重大なことだと指摘する。
 米国糖尿病協会(ADA)会長のRobert Rizza博士は、この研究により受動喫煙を避けるべき理由がまた一つ増えたと述べている。特に若年者の場合、成長の過程で有毒物質による危険が特に大きい時期が存在する可能性もあるため、子どもに受動喫煙をさせないよう気をつける方が賢明だという。

Abstract : Objective To assess whether active and passive smokers are more likely than non-smokers to develop clinically relevant glucose intolerance or diabetes.  Design Coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) is a prospective cohort study begun in 1985-6 with 15 years of follow-up. Setting Participants recruited from Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Oakland, California, USA. Participants Black and white men and women aged 18-30 years with no glucose intolerance at baseline, including 1386 current smokers, 621 previous smokers, 1452 never smokers with reported exposure to secondhand smoke (validated by serum cotinine concentrations 1-15 ng/ml), and 1113 never smokers with no exposure to secondhand smoke. Main outcome measure Time to development of glucose intolerance (glucose . 100 mg/dl or taking antidiabetic drugs) during 15 years of follow-up.  Results Median age at baseline was 25, 55% of participants were women, and 50% were African-American. During follow-up, 16.7% of participants developed glucose intolerance. A graded association existed between smoking exposure and the development of glucose intolerance. The 15 year incidence of glucose intolerance was highest among smokers (21.8%), followed by never smokers with passive smoke exposure (17.2%), and then previous smokers (14.4%); it was lowest for never smokers with no passive smoke exposure (11.5%). Current smokers (hazard ratio 1.65, 95% confidence interval 1.27 to 2.13) and never smokers with passive smoke exposure (1.35, 1.06 to 1.71) remained at higher risk than never smokers without passive smoke exposure after adjustment for multiple baseline sociodemographic, biological, and behavioural factors, but risk in previous smokers was similar to that in never smokers without passive smoke exposure.  Conclusion These findings support a role of both active and passive smoking in the development of glucose intolerance in young adulthood.

 

 

糖尿病発症と喫煙の関係

2型糖尿病の発症は、喫煙男性では非喫煙者の約2倍になる。

Association of cigarette smoking and tar and nicotine intake with 
development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men and women from the 
general population: the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Cohort Study
Meisinger C, Doring A, Thorand B, Lowel H.
  Diabetologia. 2006 Aug;49(8):1770-1776

http://www.springerlink.com/(qchkcn455q33sm45pwrrwm23)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,9,32;journal,%203,462;linkingpublicationresults,1:100410,1

AbstractAims/hypothesis 

 We examined sex-specific associations between cigarette smoking and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in Germany.

Subjects, materials and methods  

The study was based on 5,470 men and 5,422 women (aged 25–74 years) without diabetes who participated in one of the three population-based MONICA Augsburg surveys between 1984 and 1995. Incident cases of type 2 diabetes were assessed using follow-up questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models.Results  Up to 31 December 2002 a total of 409 cases of incident type 2 diabetes among men and 263 among women were registered. 

The number of cigarettes and the nicotine and tar consumption per day were associated with a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes among men, but not among women; this could be due to the low power of the study in women. After multivariable adjustment, the HRs for type 2 diabetes compared with never-smokers were 1.48, 2.03 and 2.10 for men smoking 1 to 14, 15 to 19 and ≥20 cigarettes/day (p for trend <0.0001) and 1.25, 1.34 and 1.37 for women smoking 1 to 9, 10 to 19 and ≥20 cigarettes/day (p for trend 0.0985). Compared with never-smokers, the HRs for increasing tar intake in men (1–167, 168–259 and ≥260 mg/day) were 1.45, 2.32 and 2.07 (p for trend <0.0001); the respective HRs in women (1–89, 90–194 and ≥195 mg/day) were 1.18, 1.57 and 1.24 (p for trend 0.1159).

Conclusions/interpretation  Cigarette smoking is an important modifiable risk factor of type 2 diabetes particularly in men from the general population

.Keywords  Lifestyle - Population - Risk - Smoking - Type 2 diabetes