| 特殊な仮定法 |
例文 |
備考 |
| Would you 〜? |
Would you shut the door?
ドアを閉めていただけませんか。 |
婉曲表現、
控え目な丁寧表現
Would you mind shutting 〜 |
| Would you mind if I 〜? |
Would you mind if I smoked?
タバコを吸ってもよろしいですか。
(Do you mind if I smoke?) |
if節の動詞過去形に注意 |
| I could 〜 |
I could go with you.
ご一緒できますよ。 |
would, could 等 |
| That/It would be 〜 |
That would be great.
いいわねぇ。 |
例えば、誘いに応じて |
| would rather |
I'd rather like a tea.
（むしろ）紅茶が欲しい。 |
would rather 〜 than ... |
| as if 〜 |
She plays baseball as if she were a man.
男性の様に野球をする |
まるで〜のように
as though 〜 |
| If only |
If only I could be twenty again.
二十歳に戻れたらいいのになぁ。 |
≒ I wish 〜 [How I wish 〜!]
≒ Oh, that I were twenty again! |
| It is time ＋ 節 |
It is time you went to bed.
寝る時間よ。
｛≒ It's time (for you) to go to bed.｝ |
節は仮定法過去
もう（当然）寝ていたであろう時間 |
| suggest |
She suggested to him that he (should) go home at once.
彼にすぐに帰宅するように言った。
|
仮定法現在：節内の動詞原形
提案：propose，
要求：request,demand,require，
命令：command,order |
| Had S p.p. |
Had I been a doctor, I could have saved him.
医者だったら救えたのに。 |
if の省略、ＳＶの倒置
Were S 〜 |
| If it were not for 〜 |
If it were not for water, we could not live. [Were it not for 〜]
もし水が無ければ、生きることができないだろう。 |
仮定法過去完了は
If it had not been for 〜
＝ If not for 〜 ：仮定法過去（完了） |
| But for 〜 |
But for my family, I would have failed.
家族がなったら、失敗していただろう。 |
仮定法過去（完了）
≒ Without 〜 ⇔ With 〜 |
| With 〜 |
With his advice, you could succeed.
彼のアドバイスがあれば、成功できるだろう。 |
条件を副詞句で
⇔ Without 〜 |
| To hear 〜 |
To hear him sing, you would like him.
彼が歌うのを聞いたら、好きになるだろう。 |
条件を表す副詞節の代わりに不定詞，分詞等の句で |
| 主語の名詞 |
An Italian would not do so.
イタリア人ならそうはしないだろう。 |
主語の名詞が条件を表す
（≒ If he/she were an Italian, he/she ...） |
| otherwise |
I sent her an e-mail; otherwise she would have worried about me.
彼女にイーメールを送った、さもないと心配しただろう。
|
接続副詞
（＝ If I had not send her an e-mail, she ...） |
| (had) better |
You'd better not go there.
あそこへは行かない方がいい。 |
|
| as it were |
She is, as it were, like a mother to me.
私にとって、いわば母の様なものです。 |
≒ so to speak |
|
|
| 仮定法現在のthat節をとる動詞の単語と、形容詞・名詞の例文・単語 （追加） |
● ―（提案・要求・命令等の）動詞 ＋
that節（節内は仮定法現在で動詞原形）
強く要求：insist
決定：decide
忠告・勧告：advise, recommend
● It is （要求・願望等の）形容詞 ＋ that節（節内は仮定法現在）
It is necessary that she (should) come here at once.
彼女が直ぐにここに来る必要がある。
* 形容詞：important, advisable, desirable（望ましい）,
essential｛（絶対）必要な｝, ...
● ―（提案・勧告・要求等の）名詞 ＋
that節（節内は仮定法現在）
She refused his demand that his wages (should) be raised.
彼の賃上げ要求を拒絶した。
* 名詞：advice, decision, importance, necessity,
proposal, request, ... |